WILLIAM G. BERTAIN Attorney at Law - SB #70163 1310 Sixth Street Eureka, California 95501 Telephone: (707 443-5078 MICHAEL S. GORDON Attorney at Law 1225 Nineteenth - N.W. Suite 470 Washington, D.C. 20036 Telephone: (202) 393-5877 Attorneys for Petitioners SUPERIOR AND MUNICIPAL COURT OF CALIFORNIA COUNTY OF HUMBOLDT DON JOSE THOMPSON, ROSE OLGA No. 78467 THOMPSON, CHARLES K. BETTIGA, and V. CRAIGE McKNIGHT, on behalf FOURTH AMENDED of themselves and all others CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT similarly situated, Plaintiffs, vs. CHARLES E. HURWITZ; THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY (Delaware); MAXXAM GROUP, INC.; MXM CORP.; GENE G. ELAM; ROBERT B. HOOVER; EDWARD M. CARPENTER; JOHN B. BATES; STANLEY T. SKINNER; MICHAEL P. HOLLERN; MARY LANIGAR; SALOMON BROTHERS INC; and DOES 1 through 150, inclusive, Defendants. / Plaintiffs, by their attorneys, WILLIAM G. BERTAIN and MICHAEL S. GORDON, allege for their Class Action and Complaint as follows: ///// ///// INTRODUCTION 1. This complaint is brought by the plaintiffs herein to hold accountable and obtain damages from those defendants respon- sible for the infliction of great harm upon a large number of people and upon the certain of communities in Humboldt County in which the injured parties live. As detailed herein, the injuries and harm suffered were caused by the fraud conducted by certain of the defendants in bringing about the takeover of The PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY (hereinafter sometimes "the old PACIFIC LUMBER", or the "pre-takeover PACIFIC LUMBER", or "the pre-HURWITZ PACIFIC LUMBER", or "PACIFIC") in late 1985 and early 1986. Harm and injury were also caused by the negligence of defendants. The allegations made herein are made on information and belief. The acts complained of for which damages are sought herein can be summarized in three categories: I. THE $60 MILLION PENSION PLAN EXCESS CLAIM 2. First, there is the claim for approximately $60 million, plus interest, that under the October 9, 1985 Amendment to the Pacific Lumber Retirement Plan adopted by the former PACIFIC LUMBER Board of Directors should have vested in the then-existing employees and retirees of the PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY because said Pension Plan, as amended, provided that the excess in the Retirement fund should so vest in the existing employees and retirees in the event control of The COMPANY was obtained by any person or entity without the consent of the Board of Directors. Consent of the Board was ostensibly obtained on October 22, 1985 by defendant CHARLES E. HURWITZ and his corporate entities, but plaintiffs herein allege that such control was gained and consent given only because of the outrageous acts of fraud and deceit committed by defendants CHARLES E. HURWITZ, MAXXAM GROUP, INC., THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY (DELAWARE), MXM CORP., and actors, MICHAEL MILKEN, IVAN BOESKY, and DREXEL BURNHAM LAMBERT. Under California Law, fraud vitiates consent. Consent was therefore not obtained, by law, and the approximately $60 million, by law, vested in the then-existing employees and retirees. Plaintiffs seek recovery of said $60 million, plus interest on said amount. Plaintiffs further allege under California's concurrent jurisdiction, violation by certain defendants of the Racketeering Influenced Corrupt Practices Act (RICO), and thereunder seek triple damages for the injury inflicted. Said wrongful taking of the Retirement fund excess further constitutes wrongful interference with plaintiff Classes' prospective economic advantage. II. WRONGFUL INTERFERENCE BY DEFENDANTS WITH NON-SHAREHOLDER CONSTITUENCIES' PROSPECTIVE ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE 3. The second category of claims are those hereinafter detailed based upon the unique relationship that existed between the old PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY (incorporated in the State of Maine), its Board of Directors, its shareholders and its non-shareholder constituencies. Plaintiffs allege that a contractual relationship existed between the COMPANY and its shareholders for the benefit of the COMPANY's non-shareholder constituencies as described in various of the COMPANY's corporate documents but most particularly in Article Tenth of the Articles of Incorporation of The PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY and as eloquently set forth in the January 5, 1981 Proxy Statement, said Article Tenth and said 1981 Proxy Statement described the unique relationship that the old The PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY and its shareholders had with the COMPANY's non-shareholder constituencies, consisting of its employees, its retirees, its customers, its suppliers, and the "communities and geographical areas in which the COMPANY and its subsidiaries operate or are located", is described. Said 1981 Proxy Statement and the Articles of Incorporation of the old The PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY are attached to this complaint as Exhibit "A". This relationship between The Old, Pre-HURWITZ PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY (Maine) and the non-shareholder constituencies created a reasonable expectation of a prospective economic advantage for each of the non-shareholder constituencies. 4. Plaintiffs herein allege that certain of the defendants negligently, and other defendants intentionally, but all wrong- fully, interfered with the prospective economic advantage that was intended to benefit the several non-shareholder constituencies of the old PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY, including its employees, its retirees, and the communities and geographical areas in which The COMPANY had its operations. The wrongful acts complained of in this category consist of the fraud described above and hereinafter by which the takeover of the PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY was effectu-ated as well by the negligence on the part of certain of the defendants. An example of the economic harm suffered is that of the significant loss of employment years that would have been enjoyed by 80% of the work force of The PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY which was involved in the harvesting and milling of old growth Redwood. Assuming no significant change in the level of environmental regulations and enforcement, under the rate of harvesting of the pre-takeover (pre-HURWITZ) The PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY, and based upon the volume of old growth timber available to The PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY, old growth employment of approximately 720 employees and their replacements (720 equals 80% of the approximately 900 employees in 1985) would have been provided for approximately 60 years. Because of the post-takeover harvesting rates and practices implemented by CHARLES E. HURWITZ, said old growth employment was and has been reduced to 15 to 20 years (from 1986) and probably less. Said loss of employment for said employees and for the communities in which said employees live constitutes substantial harm, both economic and personal, and includes the "severe hardship and emotional injury" contemplated by The PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY on Page 4 of the January 5, 1981 Proxy Statement sent to its shareholders setting forth the basis for adopting the proposed Article Tenth adopted by said shareholders. 5. As anticipated by the very language of the 1981 Proxy Statement at page 5 thereof, a destructive long-term impact on the PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY and unfortunate repercussions for ("PACIFIC") non-shareholder constituencies did occur as a result of the implementation (by HURWITZ) of "a management philosophy which sought a dramatic increase in the short term yield of the COMPANY's redwood producing properties. The political and regulatory environment in which PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY operates has been drastically altered as a result of the implementation of exactly such a philosophy by defendant HURWITZ with drastic economic consequences to several of PACIFIC LUMBER's non-share- ///// holder constituencies. And even the safety of employees has been jeopardized by defendant HURWITZ' rush to generate profits. III. ECONOMIC DAMAGES FROM HARM DONE TO ENVIRONMENT BY DEFENDANTS 6. The third category of injury for which recovery is sought herein is that of the economic damages resulting from the harm done to the environment by the manner in which the harvesting of timber has taken place since control of The PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY was gained by CHARLES E. HURWITZ and his myriad corporate entities. Plaintiffs herein contend that a contractual relation-ship existed between PACIFIC LUMBER and its shareholders regarding the geographical areas in which the COMPANY had its operations, for the benefit of several non-shareholder constituency groups, including sport and commercial fishermen, and that said contractual relationship created a reasonable prospect of economic advantage in said non-shareholder constituency group. A prime example of economic harm is the loss of the economic benefit formerly derived from the healthy salmonid fishery habitat on the YAGER CREEK drainage prior to the junk-bond financed and fraud-based takeover of PACIFIC LUMBER by CHARLES E. HURWITZ . Plaintiffs are informed and believe and thereon allege herein that said habitat in said YAGER CREEK drainage has been nearly wiped out, with little or no prospect of recovery to even a minimally healthy condition for decades to come, due to the timber harvesting methods utilized by MAXXAM, including clear-cutting, and by the rate of harvesting, notwithstanding the public relations effort instituted by HURWITZ' controlled entities touting MAXXAM'S release of a number of young fish into a portion of said drainage. As a result of excessive cutting and clear-cutting near stream beds, the water temperature of a good portion of said YAGER CREEK drainage has been rendered too warm for fish to survive and thrive. Additionally, excessive siltation has occurred in the drainage, particularly in the areas of juncture of smaller watercourses into larger streams, thereby rendering spawning immensely more difficult. Plaintiffs further allege on information and belief that similar environmental damage and waste has resulted in identifiable economic loss which has been caused by the HURWITZ defendants on most of the other drainages on the timberland owned by entities controlled by HURWITZ. 7. Following upon the departure of the HURWITZ-controlled PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY from the pre-takeover harvesting practices and rates, the communities where The PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY oper- ates have, as a result of the environmentally damaging acts lead- ing to the results complained of herein, suffered enormous economic loss, in an amount to be shown at trial. Said communities are the intended beneficiaries of the contractual relationship established by the adoption of Article Tenth by the PACIFIC LUMBER shareholders and by the January 5, 1981 Proxy Statement (Exhibit A). The prospective economic advantage reasonably anticipated by said communities from said contractual relationship has declined significantly from defendants' wrongful interference. The economic value of the fisheries described has been significantly reduced due to defendants' actions and omissions, a result reasonably foreseeable both by defendants and by the authors of the 1981 Proxy Statement. ///// THE PARTIES 8. Plaintiffs DON JOSE THOMPSON (hereinafter "THOMPSON" or "DON THOMPSON"), ROSE OLGA THOMPSON (hereinafter "ROSE THOMPSON"), CHARLES KELLY BETTIGA (hereinafter "BETTIGA"), and V. CRAIGE MCKNIGHT (hereinafter "McKNIGHT"), reside in Humboldt County, California. At all times relevant hereto, THOMPSON and BETTIGA were the owners of shares of the common stock of the old PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY and continued to own said shares on October 22, 1985. Plaintiffs bring this action on behalf of the non-share- holder class consisting of all residents of Humboldt County residing within an as yet to be determined radius of the town of Scotia, but certainly no less than a 15-mile radius, in Humboldt County, California, being one of the primary geographical areas in which the pre-takeover PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY had its operations and which was one of the primary non-shareholder constituencies of the old PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY as set forth in Article Tenth of the Articles of Incorporation of The PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY, described in Exhibit "A", attached hereto. Plaintiff BETTIGA brings this action also on behalf of the non-shareholder constituency class consisting of all employees of the pre-takeover PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY who were employed by the pre-takeover PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY as of October 22, 1985 in its Forest Product Division, being another of the primary constituencies of the old PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY under said Article Tenth. Plaintiffs DON THOMPSON and BETTIGA bring this action also on behalf of the non-shareholder constituency class consisting of the vested employees and retirees of the old PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY (Maine) also one of the primary "other constituencies" under said Article Tenth. Plaintiff McKNIGHT was, during the time period later described herein as the period during which fraud and negligence were committed, the Mayor of Rio Dell, the Incorporated Municipality adjacent to Scotia. Plaintiff McKNIGHT brings this action on behalf of the residents of the described geographical area who are neither employees nor retirees. 9(a). GENE G. ELAM was at all times relevant hereto concurrently President and Chief Executive Officer of the old PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY, a member of the old PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY's Board of Directors, and a member of the Executive Committee of PACIFIC's Board. 9(b). ROBERT B. HOOVER was at all times relevant hereto Chairman of the Board of Directors of the pre-takeover of The PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY and, along with JOHN B. BATES, STANLEY T. SKINNER, MICHAEL P. HOLLERN, and MARY E. LANIGAR also served on the old PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY Board of Directors. 9(c). EDWARD M. CARPENTER, now deceased, was at all times relevant hereto, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the pre-HURWITZ PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY Board of Directors, a member of said Board of Directors, and a resident of Humboldt County. 9(d). Hereinafter the persons named in paragraphs 9(a) through 9(c) of this paragraph are sometimes referred to as the "OLD PACIFIC OFFICERS and DIRECTORS". 9(e). By reason of their position as OFFICERS and/or DIRECTORS of the old PACIFIC LUMBER, and because of their ability to control the business and corporate affairs of the old PACIFIC through their stock ownership and otherwise, at all times relevant hereto, the PACIFIC OFFICERS and DIRECTORS owed PACIFIC's shareholders and PACIFIC's non-shareholder constituencies as described in Article Tenth of PACIFIC's Articles of Incorporation certain obligations of fidelity, trust, loyalty, and due care, were required to exercise their ability to control the corporation in a fair, just, and equitable manner, and were further required to act in furtherance of the interests of the non-shareholder constituencies described in this complaint in accordance with the contractual relationship established by the COMPANY and its shareholders with its non-shareholder constituencies through the promulgation of the January 5th, 1981 Proxy Statement and the adoption, by PACIFIC shareholders, of Article Tenth of PACIFIC's Articles of Incorporation. 10. Defendant SALOMON BROTHERS, INC. (hereinafter sometimes "SALOMON") is a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Delaware, and maintains offices in and conducts business in the State of California. 11. The defendant known and described herein as the PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "the new PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY" or " HURWITZ' PACIFIC LUMBER" or "defendant PACIFIC LUMBER") was incorporated in the State of Delaware in or about 1986 and is so incorporated today. Said new PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY is new to be distinguished from the corporate entity known as The Pacific Lumber Company (hereinafter sometimes "the old PACIFIC LUMBER" or "the pre-takeover PACIFIC LUMBER" or "the pre-HURWITZ PACIFIC LUMBER") which was incorporated in the State of Maine over 90-years ago. The new PACIFIC LUMBER merged with MXM CORP, the corporate entity which CHARLES E. HURWITZ utilized to conduct the tender offer for all of the old PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY's stock in the autumn of 1985. The new PACIFIC LUMBER , that is, HURWITZ' PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY assumed all of MXM CORP's liabilities as a result of their merger. At the relevant times described herein, the old PACIFIC LUMBER was engaged in two principal lines of business: the first was the Forest Products operation which was located almost exclusively in Humboldt County, California. The second was a cutting and welding products operations which were located primarily outside Calif- ornia and consisted of several corporate subsidiaries. Said cut- ting and welding division was sold by a CHARLES HURWITZ-controlled entity in 1987 for $325 million. The new PACIFIC LUMBER is a major provider of California redwood lumber, and its assets include the largest U.S. stand of redwoods. PACIFIC LUMBER owns approximately 189,000 acres of timber within Humboldt County, California. PACIFIC LUMBER does virtually all of its lumber business in Humboldt County and for convenience of the business community, had a corporate office in San Francisco, California. 12(a). Defendant CHARLES E. HURWITZ (hereinafter "HURWITZ") is a resident of the State of Texas and the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of MAXXAM GROUP, INC. (hereinafter "MAXXAM"). 12(b). Defendant MAXXAM GROUP, INC. and defendant MXM CORP. are corporations organized under the laws of the State of Delaware. Defendant MXM Corp. (hereinafter sometimes "MXM") was the offeror in the tender offer commenced on October 2, 1985 for the takeover of the old PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY by CHARLES HURWITZ and his various entities. In 1985 and 1986 MAXXAM GROUP, INC. had its principal offices located in New York, New York and had affiliates known as: MAXXAM PROPERTIES, INC.; FEDERATED DEVELOPMENT, INC.; MCO HOLDINGS, INC. and numerous other related entities. Hereinafter, HURWITZ, the new PACIFIC LUMBER, MAXXAM, and MXM are sometimes collectively referred to as the "HURWITZ DEFENDANTS", "HURWITZ", "MAXXAM DEFENDANTS", or "MAXXAM". 13. MICHAEL P. MILKEN is a convicted felon and a resident of Encino, California. At the relevant times complained of herein he was Senior Vice-President and Manager of the High Yield Bond Department ("HYBD") of DREXEL, BURNHAM, LAMBERT, INC., MILKEN directed the HYBD and its development, underwriting and marketing of high yield securities and other services and advised DREXEL customers on financing strategies, including strategies for hostile and negotiated mergers and acquisitions. OTHER ACTORS 14. DREXEL, BURNHAM, LAMBERT, INCORPORATED (hereinafter "DREXEL") was a broker-dealer in securities and maintains offices and conducts business in the State of California. DREXEL is a convicted felon. 15. IVAN F. BOESKY ("BOESKY") presently residing in the United States, was at all relevant times herein, the Chief Executive Officer of certain entities, some of which engaged primarily in risk arbitrage, and which are collectively referred to herein as the "BOESKY organization," which means any or all of several related companies, partnerships or other entities over which, at the times relevant hereto, BOESKY exercised investment or operational control. These included SEEMALA CORPORATION and its successor, SEEMALA PARTNERS, L.P., IFB MANAGEMENT CORPORATION ///// and its successor, IFB MANAGING PARTNERS, L.P., a registered broker-dealer. BOESKY is a convicted felon. 16. BOYD L. JEFFERIES (hereinafter sometimes referred to as, "JEFFERIES"), was at all relevant times a resident of California and an officer in the firm of JEFFERIES & COMPANY, INC. 17. JEFFERIES & COMPANY, INC., is a corporation doing business in California. 18. DANIEL P. LYNCH ("LYNCH") was a Vice-President in the Corporate Finance Department of DREXEL, BURNHAM, LAMBERT, INCORPORATED. DOE DEFENDANTS 19. Plaintiffs are ignorant of the true names and capaci- ties of defendants sued herein as DOES 1 through 150, inclusive, and, therefore, sue these defendants by such fictitious names. Plaintiffs will seek leave to amend this complaint to allege the true names and capacities of said defendants when ascertained. Each of the fictitiously named defendants is responsible in some manner for the occurrences herein alleged. JURISDICTION & VENUE 20(a). The acts complained of in this complaint are summarily described in Paragraphs 1-7 hereof with resulting damages to the class members as set forth herein. The acts complained of were carried out through the fraud-based sale of assets of the old PACIFIC LUMBER through a stock purchase and merger put together by means of a series of corporate maneuvers which principally involved the land, timber rights, town, and mills owned by the old PACIFIC LUMBER in Humboldt County, California and which caused substantial damage to the non-shareholder classes. b. One or more of the old PACIFIC LUMBER officers and directors had a place of residence in Humboldt County and, as hereinafter stated, participated in the acts complained of which give rise to this complaint. c. The amount in controversy far exceeds the juris-dictional minimum of this Court. CLASS ACTION ALLEGATIONS 21. The named plaintiffs bring the Causes of Action individually on their own behalf and as representatives on behalf of the classes of all persons similarly situated. 22. The classes do not include defendants or (any persons, firms, corporations, trusts or other persons or their successors or assigns). The non-shareholder classes consist of three sub-classes: first, retired employees of the old PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY (Maine); second, employees of the old PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY (Maine) as of October 22, 1985; and third, non-defendant residents of Humboldt County either residing within a 15-mile radius of Scotia, California or otherwise reasonably likely to have enjoyed or possessed a prospective economic advantage from the continued operation of the old PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY under the principles and philosophy enunciated in the 1981 Proxy Statement. A subclass of the third class consists of the sports and commercial fishermen affected by the acts complained of herein. These three classes constitute the primary "other constituencies" of THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY as set forth in Article Tenth of the Articles of Incorporation of THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY. 23. There is a well-defined community of interest in the legal and factual questions affecting the parties to be represented. The questions of law and fact common to the classes claims predominate over questions which may affect individual class members. The predominant questions of law and fact common to the classes include, but are not limited to, the following: Whether the HURWITZ defendants wrongfully obtained the roughly $60 million excess in the old PACIFIC LUMBER Retirement Fund (hereinafter sometimes the "PL Pension Fund") through fraud; whether said acts constituted the tort of conversion; whether certain of the defendants were negligent in the performance of their duties to the non-shareholder constituencies of the old PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY; whether the HURWITZ defendants wrongfully interfered with the prospective economic advantage of the classes through acts of fraud and the subsequent committing of waste; whether the acts of the defendants have resulted in economic harm by damage caused to the environment; whether a contractual relationship existed between the old PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY and the Classes; whether a third-party beneficiary relationship existed between of the old PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY and the Class or Classes; whether defendants participated in, conspired in, or aided and abetted a scheme to acquire the assets of the old PACIFIC LUMBER at less than value, enriching themselves at the expense of, and without sufficient consideration of, the old PACIFIC LUMBER's non-shareholder constituencies; whether defendants participated in, conspired in, or aided and abetted the dissemination of false statements, which caused foreseeable injury to the class; whether the HURWITZ defendants impeded with the performance by the former directors of the old PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY of their respective fiduciary duties to their non-stockholder constituencies; the propriety, fairness and legality of the merger and the offer attacked in this action and of the elimination of PACIFIC's public non-shareholder constituencies' rights thereby; the duties owed by defendants to members of the classes; the resulting liabilities of defendants; the measure of damages; and the proper remedies. 24. The claims of the plaintiffs are typical of the claims of all members of the respective several classes and sub-classes. 25. The plaintiffs are representative parties who will fully and adequately protect the interest of the classes. 26. Plaintiffs know of no difficulty which would be encountered in the management of this litigation that would preclude its maintenance as a class action. ///// 27. The plaintiffs and the classes and sub-classes have sustained and will sustain damages as a result of defendants' misconduct as alleged herein. 28. In absence of this class action, defendants will retain the benefits of their immense, outrageous, and (to all fairminded people) scandalous wrongdoing. Plaintiffs became aware of the significant facts constituting misconduct and leading to the causes of action sued upon herein only after the consummation of the merger, i.e., after February 26, 1986 and for much of the relevant acts of fraud, only after September 8, 1988, following the filing by the case of SEC v. Drexel and Milken in the Southern District of New York by the Enforcement Branch of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Plaintiffs only became aware of many of the other essential facts alleged herein by independent research conducted during the period since early 1990 when this action was stayed and by discovery produced in the federal PACIFIC LUMBER shareholder litigation. THE DREXEL - BOESKY - MAXXAM/HURWITZ CONNECTION 29. Plaintiffs are informed and believe and thereupon allege the following: (a) From late 1984 through early 1986, defendants MILKEN and BOESKY ("MILKEN defendants"), devised and carried out a fraudulent scheme to circumvent the securities laws and to profit at the expense of publicly-owned companies and the in- ///// vesting public, and in this case, at the expense of PACIFIC's non-shareholder constituencies. (b) In carrying out that scheme, the MILKEN defendants used BOESKY and his various organizations as "fronts" or undis- closed nominees for MILKEN in a wide variety of securities transactions. (c) In early 1984, MILKEN, acting on behalf of himself and other MILKEN associates, initiated a secret arrangement with BOESKY (the "Arrangement") pursuant to which certain of the BOESKY-controlled entities acquired, held or disposed of various securities at the direction of defendant MILKEN for MILKEN's benefit. MILKEN retained a secret beneficial ownership interest in the securities positions that MILKEN instructed the BOESKY organization to take. The Arrangement also included instances in which DREXEL purchased, held or disposed of securities in which the BOESKY organization retained a secret beneficial ownership interest. (d) On September 30, 1985, MAXXAM publicly announced that it intended to commence a tender offer for all outstanding shares of common stock of the old PACIFIC LUMBER at $36.00 in cash per share, when Pacific's stock was trading at $33.00 per share. The offer was to be conditioned upon, among other things, a sufficient number of shares being validly tendered and not withdrawn so that the number of shares of PACIFIC stock, when added to the 994,900 shares acknowledged by MAXXAM as owned by MPI and MCOP, and some of which had been acquired from JEFFERIES, would constitute a majority of the then outstanding shares. The offer was also conditioned upon the receipt of sufficient financing to purchase all outstanding shares. MAXXAM was assisted by DREXEL as dealer-manager and by MILKEN. On October 2, 1985, MXM CORP. actually commenced its tender offer at $38.50 per share. (e) Between October 19 and October 22, 1985, HURWITZ and representatives of MAXXAM, the old PACIFIC LUMBER, SALOMON BROTHERS, and MILKEN negotiated the terms of the MXM tender offer. On October 22, 1985, MAXXAM and PACIFIC LUMBER agreed to merge. As part of the agreement, MXM (MAXXAM) increased its tender offer price from $38.50 to $40.00 cash per share. This agreement was publicly disclosed on October 23, 1985. AGENCY AND CONCERTED ACTION ALLEGATIONS 30. At all times mentioned herein each of the individual defendants was the agent and/or employee of each of the remaining defendants and was at all times mentioned herein acting within the course and scope of such agency and employment. 31. At all times mentioned herein each of the defendants acted in concert with the other defendants, pursued a common course of conduct, to commit or participate in the commission of the wrongs complained of herein. 32. At all times mentioned herein the HURWITZ defendants and MILKEN, engaged in substantial activity which impeded the ///// PACIFIC officers and directors in performing their fiduciary duties to plaintiffs and the class. 33. On or about September 30, 1985, and in a supplement dated October 11, 1985, the old PACIFIC LUMBER entered into a contract with SALOMON BROTHERS INC, by which SALOMON was hired to render certain financial advisory and investment banking services in connection with the MAXXAM tender offer and other potential business acquisitions or combinations, any of which would directly relate to and affect the interests of PACIFIC and its non-share- holder constituencies. For reasons which will become obvious, the contract between SALOMON and PACIFIC, particularly the October 11, 1985 supplement, shall be referred to throughout as the "Disincentive Contract." 34. As part of the Disincentive Contract, SALOMON agreed to familiarize itself with the business, operations, properties, financial conditions, and prospects of PACIFIC. 35. The Disincentive Contract between PACIFIC and SALOMON provided, inter alia, that: (a) SALOMON was to advise and assist PACIFIC in evaluating any proposal relating to an acquisition or similar business combination involving PACIFIC, or relating to the acquisition or more than 10% of PACIFIC's voting securities (hereinafter "Combination Transaction"); (b) SALOMON was to advise and assist PACIFIC in promoting the best interests of PACIFIC and its shareholders if a proposed Combination Transaction was determined by the Board not to be in the best interests of PACIFIC and its shareholders; (c) SALOMON was to advise and assist PACIFIC in con- sidering the desirability of following "Alternative Trans- actions": an acquisition by PACIFIC of another business; a recapitalization or similar transaction; a repurchase of out-standing shares; or any similar transaction; (d) SALOMON was, if requested by the PACIFIC Board of Directors, to render opinions on the adequacy of the consideration to be paid, from a financial point of view, for any Combination Transactions including the MAXXAM tender offers; and (e) PACIFIC was to indemnify and hold harmless SALOMON in connection with any claims, losses, liabilities or damages arising from the engagement. 36. The Disincentive Contract further provided that PACIFIC was to pay defendant SALOMON for its services, if PACIFIC was an independent, going concern, one year from the date of the supplement to the Disincentive Contract, the sum of $2.5 million; on the other hand, SALOMON would receive a cash fee equal to .50% of the Aggregate Consideration paid, as defined in the Agreement, involved in any consummated Combination Transaction involving any acquisition of more than 10% of the COMPANY's outstanding voting securities by any person or group at a price in excess of $38.50 per share, whether pursuant to a tender offer, private or open market purchases or otherwise, and whether or not the consummated Combination Transaction involved MAXXAM. In other words, if PACIFIC agreed to a merger with HURWITZ paying $38.51 per share, SALOMON would (and did) receive approximately $4.3 million. These terms of the Disincentive Contract were not disclosed to the shareholders prior to the execution of the Merger Agreement. 37. At all times relevant hereto SALOMON knew or should have known that among the primary, ultimate, and intended beneficiaries of its services were the non-shareholder constituencies of PACIFIC. Likewise, defendants MAXXAM, HURWITZ and MILKEN, knew or should have known that, among the primary, ultimate, and intended beneficiaries of Article 10 of PACIFIC's Articles of Incorporation were the non-shareholder constituencies of PACIFIC. 38. On October 2, 1985, MAXXAM through MXM, offered $38.50 per share in case for PACIFIC common stock, a unilateral increase of $2.50 per share over the announced offer two days earlier. 39. The PACIFIC Restated Articles of Incorporation included a number of anti-takeover provisions added by amendment in 1981. Among these amendments was a provision which required that if an entity into which PACIFIC planned to merge owned or controlled five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of PACIFIC, then such merger could not be accomplished unless a supermajority or eighty percent (80%) of the outstanding shares of PACIFIC entitled to vote voted for the merger. ///// 40. On October 9, 1985, the PACIFIC Board of Directors unanimously rejected the MAXXAM tender offer. In addition, the PACIFIC Board of Directors adopted a series of amendments to PACIFIC's Retirement Plan including a provision to provide that in the event of an unapproved change in control, the approximately $60 million dollars in excess in the Retirement Plan would immediately vest in the then existing employees and retirees. See "Outline of Amendments to the Retirement Plan", attached hereto as Exhibit "B". 41. At the October 9, 1985 PACIFIC Board of Director's meeting, SALOMON rendered an opinion that the MAXXAM offer of $38.50 per share was inadequate from a financial point of view. 42. On October 10, 1985, ELAM and HOOVER, with the acquiescence and approval of the PACIFIC officers and directors, wrote a letter to PACIFIC shareholders which characterized defendant MAXXAM's offer of $38.50 per share as "inadequate and not in the best interest of the Company and its shareholders" and urged stockholders not to accept the offer. The October 10, 1985, letter stated that PACIFIC's Board had considered many factors in reaching its decision including: the opinion of SALOMON BROTHERS, INC., PACIFIC's financial advisor; the highly conditional nature of the offer and the extremely leveraged financial structure it contemplated; MAXXAM's inability to repay the debt incurred in order to raise the case to make the offer; and the adverse effects on PACIFIC, its employees, the communities it serves and its other constituencies, of MAXXAM's intended program to sell off PACIFIC's assets and increased harvesting rates in an effort to raise cash to service the debt. 43. The PACIFIC officers and directors, and DOES 1 through 15, authorized the filing of a 53 page complaint on behalf of PACIFIC in the United Stated District Court for the Northern District of California, Civil No. C857434, against HURWITZ, MXM, and MAXXAM (hereinafter "PACIFIC complaint"). 44. The PACIFIC complaint included causes of action against the HURWITZ defendants for Federal and State Securities Laws violations and violations of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act ("RICO"), sought compensatory and treble damages and injunctive relief in connection with the tender offer $38.50 per share. The PACIFIC complaint repeatedly, and at length, charged the HURWITZ defendants with attempting to snatch control of PACIFIC for an inadequate price far below its true value, and, failing that, attempting to extract "Greenmail" payments by threatening to take control of PACIFIC unless PACIFIC repurchases defendants' stock at premium prices. The PACIFIC complaint also detailed what it refers to as the "Hurwitz History of Attempting Acquisitions at Inadequate Prices and Extractions of 'Greenmail'." 45. Despite the concerns voiced by the PACIFIC officers and directors, and the allegations of the PACIFIC complaint, on October 22, 1985, the PACIFIC officers and directors, while under the erroneous assumption that HURWITZ held less that 5% of PACIFIC LUMBER STOCK and therefore needed only 50% ownership to effectuate a merger, decided to accept a merger agreement for the acquisition of PACIFIC by defendant MAXXAM. As part of the agreement, MAXXAM offered $40.00 per share, i.e., $l.50 over MAXXAM's last offer. Under the Merger Agreement, each share of Pacific common stock not tendered would be converted into the right to receive $40.00 in cash in the subsequent merger, thus amounting to a forced sale of all PACIFIC common stock. Moreover, the PACIFIC officers and directors granted to the HURWITZ defendants an option to purchase 6,000,000 shares of PACIFIC stock in addition to tendered shares, thus locking in the HURWITZ defendants' position. 46. On October 22, 1985, SALOMON rendered an opinion to PACIFIC that MAXXAM's tender offer was fair and adequate from a financial point of view but said little or nothing about its fairness to PACIFIC LUMBER's non-shareholder constituencies. 47. By agreeing to the merger on October 22, 1985, at a time when MAXXAM claimed to own 4.6% of PACIFIC shares, the PACIFIC directors believed that they were voiding the protection of the 80% supermajority rule provided by PACIFIC's Restated Articles of Incorporation. The PACIFIC directors also knew that if they had not agreed to the merger on October 22, 1985, MAXXAM would very shortly have acquired more than 5% of PACIFIC's shares and any merger would have required approval by 80% of the outstanding shares. ///// 48. The PACIFIC directors knew or would have known, but for their failure to adequately inform themselves of information relevant to MAXXAM's takeover bid, and but for HURWITZ' fraudulent actions impeding their ability to respond properly, that MAXXAM could not have obtained the 80% approval. 49. MAXXAM could not have obtained the financing necessary to complete the Merger Agreement if the 80% supermajority rule remained in effect and if PACIFIC had not provided MAXXAM with the 6,000,000 share lockup. 50. The PACIFIC directors further facilitated the financing of the merger by making available to HURWITZ defendants $55 to $60 million of the money in PACIFIC's Retirement Plan which was reserved for pro rata distribution to PACIFIC's employees and retirees in the event of an unfriendly takeover. The ostensible approval of the merger by the PACIFIC defendants made the $55 to $60 million available to the HURWITZ defendants, thereby effectively financing the $1.50 per share increase in the MAXXAM offer, which increase - with approximately 21,800,000 shares outstanding - cost HURWITZ approximately $33 million. 51. Because the PACIFIC Board's approval to the merger was induced by the fraudulent acts complained of herein and since fraud vitiates consent, said approval was a nullity and the pension fund excess of approximately $60 million therefore, pursuant to the terms of the old PACIFIC LUMBER Retirement Plan, vested immediately in the then-existing employees and retirees. Said then-existing employees and retirees are therefore the owners of said $60 million. Further, said then-existing employees and retirees are entitled to both interest on said $60 million at the legal rate since October 22, 1985 and to triple damages from CHARLES HURWITZ and the new PACIFIC LUMBER because of the actions of the defendants complained of herein constituted violation of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO), i.e., 18 U.S.C. ¤1961, et sequitur. 52. In order to induce the PACIFIC Board to agree to the $40.00 per share offer, MAXXAM made the following concessions to PACIFIC management: (a) MAXXAM agreed to honor the very same employee "golden parachute" agreements it sought to void in the MAXXAM Complaint filed on October 18, 1985, in Maine State Court; (b) MAXXAM agreed not to reduce management salary for a period of three years after the consummation of the proposed merger; (c) MAXXAM agreed to use its "best efforts" to have director GENE ELAM elected to the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors of MXM CORP., the entity into which PACIFIC was to be merged pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement; (d) MAXXAM agreed to indemnify and hold harmless the PACIFIC Board from any and all liability incurred by the PACIFIC individual defendants in connection with or arising out of the merger, thereby "sterilizing" their judgment. 53. The PACIFIC Board agreed to the following: (a) To dismiss its federal action filed on October 9, 1985; (b) To deactivate the potent anti-takeover provisions of the Company Charter, including (most significantly) the eighty percent (80%) or supermajority rule; (c) To free up for MAXXAM's use nearly Sixty Million Dollars ($60,000,000.00) in surplus cash in the Company's Retirement Plan -- funds which had theretofore been reserved for pro-rata allocation to the Company's employees on October 9, 1985. As a result, the increased price from $38.50 to $40.00 was totally illusory. The PACIFIC directors effectively financed this increase for HURWITZ with one-half of the $60 million surplus and HURWITZ in fact, received as a result of the Merger Agreement, an additional $27 million fairly described as "HURWITZ's windfall." (d) In addition, the PACIFIC Board made a number of additional concessions to HURWITZ that removed from its stockholders any realistic possibility that a competitive offer would be forthcoming. Most significantly, The Board agreed to abrogate the protection of Section 910 of the Maine Business Corporations Act. The Board provided HURWITZ a stock option of six million additional shares. The Board agreed not to solicit additional offers and agreed to pay HURWITZ a $21 million cancellation fee if an unsolicited successful offer came in. 54. The PACIFIC directors, SALOMON BROTHERS, and MAXXAM, individually, and in concert, directly and indirectly, were fraudulently induced by the HURWITZ defendants to engage and actively participate in a plan and scheme as a result of which the directors were induced to breach their fiduciary duties of honesty, loyalty, good faith, fidelity, fair dealing, due care and trust owed to PACIFIC's non-shareholder constituencies in the manner described elsewhere throughout this complaint and in at least the following respects: (a) The PACIFIC directors approved the Merger Agree- ment without adequately informing themselves of all material information reasonably available to them, including inter alia, the current value of the timber assets of the Company. Further, the facts that the PACIFIC directors had not conducted a full and adequate timber cruise of its timber assets using currently available methods and that no extensive, visual cruise had been made since 1956, almost 30 years previous, constituted a breach of said duties. (b) Article Tenth of PACIFIC's Article of Incorpor- ation directs, among other things: The Board of Directors of this corporation, when evaluating any offer of any party to (a) make a tender or exchange offer for any equity security of this corporation, (b) merge or consolidate this corporation with another corporation, or (c) purchase or otherwise acquire all or substantially all of the properties and assets of this corporation, shall, in connection with the exercise of its judgment in determining what is in in the best interest of this corportion and its stockholders, give due consideration to (i) all relevant factors, including without limitation the the social, legal, environmental and economic effects on the employees, customers, suppliers and other constituencies of this corporation and its subsidiaries, on the communities and geographical areas in which this corporation and its subsidiaries operate or are located on and on any of the businesses and properties of this corporation or any of its subsidiaries, as well as its subsidiaries, as well as such factors as the directors deem relevant, and (ii) not only the consideration being offered, in relation to the then current market price for the corporation's outstanding shares of capital stock but also in relation to the board of directors' estimate of the future value of this corporation (including the unrealized value of its properties and assets) as an independent going concern. (Emphasis added) The PACIFIC directors were induced by the HURWITZ defendants to breach their duties to PACIFIC's "other constituencies" by failing to take such factors into account in approving the Amended Offer at $40.00 per share. The fraud conducted by the HURWITZ defendants impeded the PACIFIC directors ability to perform their duties. In fact, the PACIFIC directors in consideration of MAXXAM's first offer of $38.50 per share, had expressly concluded that it was not in the best interests of the Company's constituencies to permit HURWITZ to (i) increase annual lumber production each year to a level which in 1990 would equal twice the Company's 1984 production and thereby violate the Company's 45 year policy of "continuous yield", whereby the volume of timber standing each year would remain constant; and (ii) dismember the Company by selling off some or all of the Company's timberlands. The HURWITZ financed plan has resulted in substantially increased lumber production, e.g., from approximately 137 million board feet in 1985, to at least 310 million board feet in 1987, and the sale of the Company assets to meet principal and interest payments to finance HURWITZ' acquisition of Kaiser Aluminum, and to further enrich HURWITZ. The PACIFIC Board's reversal of position was without any legitimate basis and constituted a breach of duty by the PACIFIC directors. 55. The Merger Agreement could not have taken place in the absence of the acts of the PACIFIC directors set forth herein, acts wrongfully induced by the fraud of HURWITZ and the HURWITZ defendants. 56. Using their positions of control and dominance of the business and corporate affairs of PACIFIC and their knowledge of private corporate information concerning PACIFIC's assets, busi- ness, plan and prospects, the PACIFIC officers and directors by acting as aforesaid, and impeded by HURWITZ' fraud, pursued a plan and scheme which resulted in the transfer of unfettered control and complete ownership of PACIFIC and its valuable assets and business operations to HURWITZ and assured that all of PACIFIC's non-shareholder constituencies suffered loss of significant benefits. 57. The PACIFIC officers and directors (and those acting in concert with them) dominated and controlled the business and corporate affairs of PACIFIC and were in possession of private corporate information concerning PACIFIC's assets, businesses and future prospects. There existed an imbalance and disparity of knowledge and economic power between the PACIFIC officers and directors, and SALOMON BROTHERS on the one hand, and the non-shareholder constituencies of PACIFIC on the other. In doing the foregoing acts, and impeded by HURWITZ' fraud, the PACIFIC officers and directors furthered their own private financial interests to the detriment of the interests of the classes, in abuse of their positions. 58. The acts complained of herein were wilful, malicious and oppressive, in that HURWITZ and the HURWITZ defendants and each of them, knew that their actions as complained of herein would result in improper practices, violations of duty and other acts completely alien to the duties of officers and directors to carry out corporate affairs in a fair, just, honest, and equitable manner, were in violation of Article 10 of the PACIFIC's Restated Articles of Incorporation, and caused PACIFIC's directors to breach their duties to the non-shareholder constituency Classes. By reason of the foregoing, the class members are entitled to exemplary damages. 59. As a result of the actions of the HURWITZ defendants, plaintiffs and the Classes have been and will continue to be damaged in that they have not received and will not receive the benefits to which they are entitled as beneficiaries of the contractual relationship established by the January 5, 1981 Proxy /////1 Statement and the adoption by the Pacific Lumber shareholders of Article Tenth described therein. 60. By reason of the acts, practices and course of conduct alleged herein, and because they were impeded in the performance of their duties by HURWITZ' fraud, SALOMON BROTHERS and the PACIFIC directors disregarded and did not dutifully and properly consider the detrimental social, legal, environmental and economic effects of the HURWITZ defendants' takeover on the employees, customers, suppliers, and other constituencies of PACIFIC and its subsidiaries, on the communities and geographical areas in which PACIFIC and its subsidiaries operate, and on the business and properties of PACIFIC. 61. In particular, SALOMON BROTHERS and the PACIFIC directors acted in disregard of the disastrous environmental and economic consequences to the non-shareholders constituencies of the HURWITZ defendants' financial and operational plans. The PACIFIC officers and directors apparently believed that the HURWITZ defendants' plan would gradually increase PACIFIC'S annual timber harvesting over 5 years to double the 1985 levels in order to service the debt which would be incurred to complete the takeover. But HURWITZ immediately more than doubled said harvest in 1986, without any gradual increase and has probably tripled said harvest. This has meant a radical alteration of the continuous sustained-yield cutting practices traditionally employed by PACIFIC, and has irreparably injured the environmental quality of Humboldt County's unique redwood timber-lands. HURWITZ' rate of harvesting, would, if left to run its course, and if not earlier limited by enforcement of strengthened environmental regulation caused by HURWITZ' destructive timber harvesting practices, within less than 17 years from the date of the takeover and probably sooner, eliminate the need for the old growth redwood Mill B and factory in the town of Scotia, California, thereby eliminating 80% of the 1985 employment base of PACIFIC LUMBER, i.e., the jobs of roughly 720 people. Because of the harvesting practices and rate of cut of old growth redwood timber undertaken by MAXXAM and HURWITZ on PACIFIC LUMBER timberland, there is great likelihood that further reduc- tion in the years of employment in the production, harvesting, and milling of old growth redwood will occur due to intensified environmental regulation and enforcement brought about because of HURWITZ' departure from pre-takeover harvesting rates and methods. Said change of rate and method, including the instituting of clear cutting of timberland has caused a public uproar and has brought the national, state, and local spotlight on the harvesting of old growth, with the increased likelihood that the bedrock resource provider of jobs for the Pacific Lumber non-shareholder constituencies, namely old growth redwood, will, within a short period of time, not be available for harvesting at all. This could occur perhaps in as few as three years, perhaps even less; whereas, under the prior pre-takeover management philosophy, the volumes of old growth redwood, both residual and virgin, were sufficient to provide approximately 60 years of employment for 720 people, at the publicly stated planned (by old PACIFIC LUMBER management's public filings) harvest rate of 40 to 50 million board feet of upper grade redwood per year. The personal and economic consequences to the class members, their families, spouses and children, will be devastating. Consequences such as these were intended to be avoided by the adoption, in January, 1981, of Article 10 of PACIFIC LUMBER's Articles of Incorporation, attached hereto as Exhibit "A", as part of the January 5, 1981 Proxy Statement, and would have been avoided, but for the actions of defendants named herein. THE PACIFIC LUMBER FRAUD-BASED TAKEOVER SCHEME CARRIED OUT BY HURWITZ AND MILKEN 62. At least by August of 1985, HURWITZ/MAXXAM and MILKEN entered into an arrangement, understanding and agreement to act as a partnership, joint venture, association and/or group for the common purpose of acquiring, holding and disposing of the beneficial ownership of at least 5% of PACIFIC LUMBER stock. At least as of August of 1985, the group entered into an arrangement, understanding and agreement for the common purpose of acquiring PACIFIC LUMBER. 63. In the spring of 1985, MILKEN and the HURWITZ defendants devised a fraudulent and deceptive scheme to conceal their intention to acquire PACIFIC LUMBER in a hostile tender offer as more fully set forth in the following paragraphs (the "takeover scheme"). 64. The fruits of this scheme were to be divided consist-ent with MILKEN's past business practices: contingent upon the success of the takeover, MAXXAM (or one of its subsidiaries) was to receive a majority interest in PACIFIC LUMBER, while DREXEL was to receive warrants for stock in MAXXAM and huge fees totaling many millions of dollars in which MILKEN would participate. 65. There were two primary obstacles to the takeover scheme of MILKEN and MAXXAM. The first of these was the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act Pre-Merger Notification Requirements ("H-S-R"), which required MAXXAM to notify PACIFIC LUMBER of its takeover merger intentions immediately after it had acquired $15 million worth of stock. Notification of PACIFIC LUMBER at such an early stage in the takeover process however, would have permitted PACIFIC LUMBER to utilize more effectively a variety of takeover defenses available to it as well as make it more likely that a competing suitor for PACIFIC LUMBER would emerge and drive up the price of PACIFIC LUMBER stock. 66. To avoid this result, after MAXXAM had obtained shares in PACIFIC LUMBER valued at $14.5 million dollars by early August, 1985, HURWITZ and MILKEN fraudulently sought to evade H-S-R by having JEFFERIES & COMPANY ("JEFFERIES"), a stock brokerage concern, buy additional stock on their behalf in secret. ///// 67. Pursuant to such an agreement, JEFFERIES began buying PACIFIC LUMBER stock on August 6, 1985, and stopped its purchases on September 27, 1985, when it accumulated over $14 million dollars of PACIFIC LUMBER stock. Although these purchases gave the HURWITZ defendants effective control of over $28 million dollars of PACIFIC LUMBER stock, thus exceeding the $15 million dollar Hart-Scott-Rodino notification requirements, the HURWITZ defendants intentionally failed to make the required notification filing under this Act in a timely manner, thereby fraudulently concealing the true nature, extent and amount of HURWITZ' holdings of PACIFIC LUMBER stock. Then, on September 27, 1985, consistent with JEFFERIES' agreement secretly to purchase PACIFIC LUMBER stock for HURWITZ and DREXEL, JEFFERIES sold this PACIFIC LUMBER stock to HURWITZ' company, MCOP, for a price of $29.10 per share, or about $4.00 per share (about $2 million) below the then market price of $33. 68. On September 30, 1985, without having complied with the suspension of purchase, notification, and clearance requirements of the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act, MAXXAM publicly announced its intention to commence a hostile tender offer through the subsi- diary MXM for all outstanding shares of common stock of PACIFIC LUMBER at $36.00 cash per share (the "tender offer" or "offer"). The tender offer was made on behalf of MAXXAM and DREXEL. The offer was conditioned upon a sufficient number of shares being validly tendered and not withdrawn so that the number of shares of PACIFIC LUMBER stock, when added to the 999,900 shares benefici- ally owned by MAXXAM and MCOP would constitute a majority of the then outstanding shares. The offer was also conditioned upon the receipt of sufficient financing to purchase all shares. The offer could not have been made without DREXEL's full participation, including its agreement to finance the transaction. 69. On October 2, 1985, MAXXAM raised its tender offer to $38.50 per share in cash for PACIFIC LUMBER common stock. Subsequently, this offer was raised to $40.00 per share. At no time during the entire tender offer process did HURWITZ or DREXEL reveal that they had wilfully violated H-S-R in order to minimize PACIFIC LUMBER's defenses or to preclude a second suitor from emerging. 70. The second obstacle to the takeover scheme was the Sixth Article of PACIFIC LUMBER's Articles of Incorporation ("Article 6"). Article 6 required that a proposed merger with any person, entity or corporation owning or controlling, either directly or with an affiliate or associate, 5% or more of PACIFIC LUMBER's stock, be approved by the affirmative vote of at least 80% of the outstanding shares unless PACIFIC LUMBER's Board of Directors approved the merger before the person acquired a 5% interest. Article 6 made it impossible for a hostile tenderer such as HURWITZ or DREXEL to acquire a substantial stake in the company at a low pre-tender price without running the risk that more than 20% of the shareholders would reject the tender offer. 71. Article 6's cap of 5% on the amount of shares a hostile acquirer could purchase without triggering the 80% rule caused another practical problem for HURWITZ and DREXEL. The smaller the number of shares there were in the hands of persons who would readily sell to HURWITZ and DREXEL, the less likely the takeover would succeed either because the Board of Directors would be able to rally sufficient support against the takeover or because another acquirer could easily enter the bidding contest. 72. In the days surrounding HURWITZ' takeover announcement DREXEL, through MILKEN, secretly began to purchase large blocks of PACIFIC LUMBER's shares through its agent, BOESKY. The purposes of DREXEL's purchases, and the reasons they were kept secret, were twofold. First, DREXEL sought to enhance its and MAXXAM's control over a large block of shares in the takeover contest while at the same time keeping its holdings from becoming public knowledge to avoid the application of Article 6. Second, MAXXAM, HURWITZ, MILKEN, and DREXEL knew that by having control of such a substantial block of shares, it could influence the market price of the stock during the takeover contest, thereby intimidating the PACIFIC Board of Directors and scaring away any competitive bidder. 73. Pursuant to this plan, beginning on or about October 1, 1985, DREXEL, through MILKEN, caused its agent, BOESKY, to pur-chase 51,000 shares of PACIFIC LUMBER. The BOESKY organization ///// ultimately purchased more than 5% of PACIFIC LUMBER stock on behalf of DREXEL prior to October 21, 1985. 74. As a result of the foregoing purchases of PACIFIC LUMBER stock, HURWITZ, MILKEN, DREXEL and the MAXXAM defendants, acting as members of a partnership, joint venture, association and/or group for the purpose of acquiring, holding and disposing of PACIFIC LUMBER securities, by at least October 20, 1985, had direct and/or beneficial ownership of in excess of 5% of the stock of PACIFIC LUMBER, prior to Board approval of any merger, triggering the Article 6 supermajority provision. 75. To hide the fact that Article 6 had been triggered, and to avoid disclosing their violations of federal and state law, MILKEN and/or HURWITZ, and MAXXAM with DREXEL's knowledge, caused the following things to be done: (a) In furtherance of the takeover scheme, BOESKY, with MILKEN's knowledge and substantial assistance, filed a Schedule 13D with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 1, 1985, falsely stating that BOESKY was the beneficial owner of PACIFIC LUMBER stock instead of DREXEL. (b) Although DREXEL through BOESKY became the beneficial owners of in excess of 5% of PACIFIC LUMBER stock by at least October 22, 1985, they never filed a mandatory Section 13(d) disclosure statement, 15 U.S.C. Section 78m(d). (c) Although DREXEL became a bidder for PACIFIC LUMBER securities by at least October 22, 1985, it never filed a mandatory Section 14(d) disclosure statement, 15 U.S.C. Section 78n(d). (d) On October 2, 1985, HURWITZ and MAXXAM, with MILKEN's knowledge and substantial assistance, filed its Schedule 14D-1 which contained misstatements of material facts and omitted to state material facts required to be stated therein and necessary to make the statements not misleading, including, but not limited to: (1) HURWITZ' and MAXXAM's failure to disclose that it intentionally violated the Hart-Scott-Rodino order to reduce the time frame in which PACIFIC LUMBER could respond to its unfriendly tender offer; (2) HURWITZ' and MAXXAM's failure to disclose the role of DREXEL in the takeover scheme, including: a. DREXEL's status as a bidder; b. DREXEL's financial strategy for the offer; and c. The substantial impact and control which DREXEL had on the terms of the offer and would have on the future of the surviving corporation. d. The amount of stock being held by DREXEL and BOESKY for HURWITZ' benefit and advantage. (e) On November 1, 1985, and at MAXXAM's request, DREXEL caused one of its agents and officers, DANIEL P. LYNCH, to file an affidavit in Federal Court in the Northern District of California stating that DREXEL did not directly or beneficially own any PACIFIC LUMBER shares. That affidavit was false. At the time it was filed, DREXEL and MILKEN's agent BOESKY owned more than 5% of all outstanding PACIFIC LUMBER shares for DREXEL and MILKEN's benefit. (f) HURWITZ and MAXXAM failed to disclose in any tender offer materials that Article 6's 80% vote requirement had been triggered by MAXXAM's and DREXEL's purchases of PACIFIC LUMBER stock. 77. The facts contained in paragraph 57 were not otherwise disclosed to PACIFIC LUMBER shareholders during the tender offer. 78. Had HURWITZ, MAXXAM, MILKEN, and DREXEL disclosed that they were required to obtain 80% of PACIFIC LUMBER's stock to effectuate the merger as Article 6 commands, the merger could not have succeeded. That is because, inter alia, large blocks of stock were in the possession of certain individual shareholders who were opposed to the merger and who could have and would have influenced a sufficient number of shareholders to prevent the merger. 79. The failure of the merger would have permitted the shareholders to retain their stock until the true worth of PACIFIC LUMBER's shares was offered. The true worth of PACIFIC LUMBER's shares was in excess of $120 per share. ///// ///// 80. As a proximate result of said wrongful acts hereinbefore alleged, PACIFIC's non-shareholder constituencies have been injured as set forth herein. 81. The acts complained of hereinabove were wilful, malicious, and oppressive, and were done in conscious disregard of the rights and entitlements of PACIFIC's non-shareholder constitu- encies. By the reason of the foregoing, the classes are entitled to exemplary damages. 82. Defendants MAXXAM, HURWITZ and MILKEN, knew of the economic relationship between PACIFIC and the plaintiff non-shareholder constituencies and the prospective economic benefits of the relationship. Absent the wrongful acts of HURWITZ, the other defendants, and each of them, and MILKEN, that economic advantage could have been maintained and enjoyed for many decades. 83. Defendants, MAXXAM, HURWITZ and MILKEN, committed the acts alleged herein with the intention of disrupting the relationship with its accompanying prospective economic benefits to the PACIFIC non-shareholder constituencies, or negligently did so with the same effect. 84. The tender offer and Merger Agreement seriously damaged the economic relationship between PACIFIC and its non-shareholder constituencies. 85. Article Tenth of the Articles of Incorporation of the PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY, set forth hereinabove, along with the January 5, 1981 Proxy Statement and letter to shareholders recommending the adoption of the Revised Restated Articles of Incorporation of PACIFIC LUMBER, incorporated herein as Exhibit"A", created a contractual relationship between the old PACIFIC LUMBER and the non-shareholder constituencies and a reasonable expectation of prospective economic advantage for the named Classes, created for the benefit of the Classes and sub-Classes described herein. 86. Because of the acts complained of in this Complaint, the contractual relationship has been interfered with and breached by the defendants PACIFIC directors, SALOMON BROTHERS, MAXXAM, HURWITZ and MILKEN, all to the damage of plaintiffs and classes in a dollar amount according to proof at trial. 87. The acts complained of as intentional hereinabove were wilful, malicious and oppressive, and were in conscious disregard of the rights and entitlements of PACIFIC's non-shareholder constituencies. By the reasons of the foregoing, the classes are entitled to exemplary damages for said intentional acts. 88. Certain of the acts complained of herein, constituting the respective elements of the respective causes of action, were of a continuing nature, necessary to, and culminating in, the consummation of the merger of THE PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY into HURWITZ' designated entity, on February 25, 1986, with consequences as described herein. Certain other acts complained of herein continue to the present. ///// 89. All of the allegations made in this Complaint are based on information and belief, except those allegations which pertain to the plaintiffs, which are based on personal knowledge. Plaintiffs' information and belief is based, inter alia, on investigations made by and through their attorney, as well as on discovery material obtained in the shareholder litigation, now settled. ADDITIONAL ALLEGATIONS 90. The HURWITZ defendants and SALOMON failed to disclose to PACIFIC LUMBER shareholders prior the October 22, 1985 merger agreement being entered into, that SALOMON had an ongoing and continuing business relationship with CHARLES HURWITZ and his vast financial empire. As early as 1983, SALOMON had established a business relationship with UNITED FINANCIAL GROUP ("UFG"), an entity that HURWITZ controlled. During 1983 UFG engaged SALOMON BROS. to assist UFG's wholly owned subsidiary, UNITED SAVINGS ASSOCIATION OF TEXAS ("USAT") in selling up to half of its branches. Subsequently, in 1984 USAT sold a portion of its branch network with $647 million on deposit and issued $647 million in mortgage-backed notes to the purchaser. UFG's 1985 Form 10-K disclosed that SALOMON was "counter party" for $213 million in USAT's mortgage backed security during 1985. Also, in a prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on June 28, 1985, it is revealed that SALOMON was retained as lead underwriter in the $75 million offering of Dutch options rate transferable securities (Darts) by USAT FINANCE, III., a wholly owned subsidiary of one of HURWITZ' savings and loan related entities. Ironically, in November 1985, before PACIFIC had even filed its Proxy Statement, a Form S-3 filed with the SEC disclosed that SALOMON was named lead underwriter in a $1 billion offering of collateralized mortgage obligations by another USAT subsidiary USAT MORTGAGE. Further, starting in September 1985, and continuing throughout the relevant period and beyond, SALOMON was involved closely with another HURWITZ affiliate, namely, TRANSCONTINENTAL SERVICE GROUP, N.B. ("TSG"), a publicly held NETHERLANDS ANTILLES CORP. At that time, TSG's President and Chief Executive Officer was STANLEY COHEN, who was also associated with KRAMER, LEVIN, NESSEN, KAMIN & FRANKEL ("KRAMER LEVIN"), a law firm that represents both MAXXAM and TSG. During September 1985, COHEN and TSG were approached by the management of REVCO, D.S., INC. as a possible equity participant in a contemplated leveraged buy out ("LB0") of REVCO, a chain of drug stores. REVCO simultaneously contacted SALOMON to aid in financing the deal. TSG, SALOMON, and a small REVCO management group formed ANAC HOLDING COMPANY as a corporate entity to complete the LBO. Beginning in October 1985, at the same time that SALOMON was "assisting" PACIFIC LUMBER as its investment advisor, SALOMON was also participating in several meetings with the LBO group to work out the financing for the pending LBO. Eventually, TSG invested $40 million and SALOMON helped complete the LBO by placing over $650 million in securities issued by ANAC. In that transaction, SALOMON earned over $30 million in fees and an 8.3 equity interest in ANAC along with TSG. None of this information showing actual or potential conflicts of interest was disclosed to the PACIFIC LUMBER shareholders during the tender offer period nor, for that matter, prior to the merger vote in February 1986. 91. SALOMON and the former PACIFIC LUMBER Board of Directors had failed to disclose during the tender offer period (from October 2, 1985 to November 29, 1985) that SALOMON had estimated the value of the stock of PACIFIC LUMBER at between $60 and $77 per share prior to October 22, 1985. Said information was not disclosed until late January 1986, after the conclusion of the tender offer in which HURWITZ had acquired over 63% of the shares of PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY. Following the completion of the merger in 1986, MAXXAM and HURWITZ authorized a timber cruise on the PACIFIC LUMBER timberlands. The results of said cruise, though considered conservative by plaintiffs, was reported publicly by MAXXAM and HURWITZ to have shown 47% more old growth redwood timber volume on PACIFIC LUMBER's timberland than the old Board of Directors and SALOMON BROS. had believed. MAXXAM also requested that DREXEL file the affidavit on November 1, 1985, stating that DREXEL, MAXXAM'S dealer-manager had no shares of PACIFIC LUMBER on October 22, 1985. In fact, DREXEL BURNHAM LAMBERT held over 5% of PACIFIC LUMBER shares at the time the merger agreement was signed on October 22, 1985. MAXXAM, HURWITZ, and DREXEL failed to disclose to the shareholders that a 80% vote of the shareholders to approve the merger was therefore required. The relationship that SALOMON maintained with the HURWITZ entities described here-inabove constituted a conflict of interest with PACIFIC LUMBER, the PACIFIC LUMBER Board, the PACIFIC LUMBER shareholders, and the PACIFIC LUMBER non-shareholder constituencies. The HURWITZ defendants failure to disclose this conflict of interest was a proximate cause of said damage to the non-shareholder constituencies of PACIFIC LUMBER. 92. Plaintiffs are informed and believe that the value of timber located on the PACIFIC LUMBER timberlands exceeded $2.7 billion and that the value of all of the assets of PACIFIC LUMBER exceeded $3 billion. Plaintiffs are further informed and believe that HURWITZ paid a total of $870 million plus approximately $40 million in expenses for the acquisition of PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY in 1985 and 1986. Thus, a $3 billion company was acquired for less than $1 billion, largely due to the fraud alleged herein committed by the HURWITZ defendants, and each of them, by MILKEN, DREXEL, and BOESKY, by the deceipt and fraud worked upon the PACIFIC LUMBER Board of Directors, and by the breach of fiduciary duties by the various defendants. 93. On October 9, 1985, the old PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY Board of Directors amended the PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY Retirement Plan to provide that in the event of an "unapproved" change of control of PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY, all Retirement Plan assets in excess of accrued benefit liabilities would vest in the existing employees and retirees and that benefits payable to active employees and retired participants would be increased to allocate each of them his or her pro-rata share of all said surplus Retirement Plan assets. "Unapproved Change in Control" was defined as a change in control "which has not been approved by a majority of the Board of Directors (as constituted before the change)". HURWITZ and the HURWITZ defendants gained control of the PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY with the "ostensible" consent of the PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY Board of Directors. However, said consent was given only because of the fraud conducted by the HURWITZ defendants with the assistance of MILKEN, DREXEL and BOESKY. Since fraud vitiates consent in California, under the law, the consent of the Board of Directors was not given. Therefore, the approximately $60 million excess in the PACIFIC LUMBER Retirement Plan, by law, vested and still vests, in the then existing employees and retirees as of on or about October 22, 1985. And the plaintiff Class of the then-existing employees and retirees are entitled to interest thereon and to triple damages. The acquisition and use of the approximately $60 million excess in the PACIFIC LUMBER Retirement Plan by HURWITZ and the HURWITZ defendants was wrongfully done and should be returned with interest thereon to the appropriate plaintiff class herein. ///// 94. The actions complained of herein relating to the economic damages resulting from damage to the environment constituted and constitute a violation of the public trust and principles of public trust law. WHEREFORE, Plaintiffs pray for judgment as hereinafter set forth. FIRST CAUSE OF ACTION (Conversion by Fraud) 95. Plaintiffs hereby incorporate by reference and reallege all the allegations contained in paragraphs 1 through 94, inclusive. 96. As herein alleged, HURWITZ and HURWITZ defendants wrongfully obtained access to and possession of the approximately $60 million in the PACIFIC LUMBER Retirement Plan assets in excess of accrued liabilities through fraud conducted upon the former PACIFIC LUMBER Board of Directors and upon the PACIFIC LUMBER shareholders as described herein. Said wrongful acts were intentional and constituted conversion by fraud from the then existing employees and retirees. Plaintiff Class of the then-existing employees and retirees, as of October 22, 1985, are entitled to said $60 million, plus interest thereon from said date, and because of the intentional and fraudulent nature of the acts of the defendant wrong-doers, are entitled to punitive damages. ///// WHEREFORE, Plaintiffs pray for judgment as hereinafter set forth. SECOND CAUSE OF ACTION RICO 97. Plaintiffs hereby incorporate by reference and reallege all allegations contained in paragraphs 1 through 96, inclusive. 98. HURWITZ and the HURWITZ defendants, including the new PACIFIC LUMBER, along with convicted felons MILKEN, DREXEL BURNHAM LAMBERT, and IVAN BOESKY, engaged in this related securities manipulations as part of the continuing plan, scheme, and unlawful conspiracy throughout the period of time from September 30, 1985 to February 25, 1986, including, but not limited to, employing devices, scheme, and artifices to defraud and to making materially misleading statements and/or omissions contained in the tender offer of October 2, 1985, the amended offer, and the solicitation offer of January 1986. This continuing scheme to defraud PACIFIC LUMBER shareholders, with resulting injury to the non-shareholder constituencies of PACIFIC LUMBER, constituted and was a part of a pattern of racketeering activity that was comprised of, inter alia, numerous instances of acts indictable under 18 U.S.C. ¤ 1314 (mail fraud) and 18 U.S.C. ¤ 1343 (wire fraud); and offenses involving fraud in the sale of PACIFIC LUMBER securities as alleged herein. 99. The predicate acts alleged herein are "racketeering activity" within the meaning of 18 U.S.C. ¤¤ 1961(1)(B) and (D). These racketeering acts constitute a "pattern of racketeering activity" within the meaning of 18 U.S.C. ¤ 1961(5) because they were carried out within a 10 year period and were related and continuous. They were related in that each of these acts had common goals, a similarity of methods, and the same or similarity of results, participants or victims. The transactions conducted pursuant to the racketeering conspiracy continued indefinitely over an extended period of time with no obvious terminating goal or date. The predicate acts, therefore, were related and continuous, not isolated or sporadic. 100. At all times relevant to the events alleged herein, PACIFIC, as herein defined, constituted an enterprise, as that term is defined in 18 U.S.C. ¤ 1961(4). PACIFIC engaged in, and its activities had an effect on, interstate commerce. 101. At all times relevant to the events alleged herein, HURWITZ and the HURWITZ defendants, including MXM CORP., the new PACIFIC LUMBER, and MAXXAM, as herein described, constituted an enterprise, as that term is defined in 18 U.S.C. ¤ 1961(4). HURWITZ engaged in, and his activities had an effect on, interstate commerce. 102. Through commission of these predicate acts constituting a pattern of racketeering activity, the HURWITZ and the HURWITZ defendants in violation of 18 U.S.C. ¤ 1962(b), acquired and/or maintained an interest in or control of PACIFIC, and/or in violation of 18 U.S.C. ¤ 1962(d), conspired with each other to engage in the foregoing activities which are prohibited under 18 U.S.C. ¤ 1962. 103. Through commission of these predicate acts constituting a pattern of racketeering activity, HURWITZ and the HURWITZ defendants in violation of 18 U.S.C. ¤ 1962(c), conducted or participated in the conduct of the affairs in the HURWITZ enterprises and/or at MAXXAM, and/or in violation of 18 U.S.C. ¤ 1962(d), conspired with each other to engage in the foregoing activities which are prohibited under 18 U.S.C. ¤ 1962. 104. As a direct and proximate result of the foregoing violations of 18 U.S.C. ¤¤ 1962(c) and (d), plaintiffs and the members of the non-shareholder constituency classes have been injured in their businesses, properties and persons and are entitled to triple damages. WHEREFORE, plaintiffs pray for judgment as hereinafter set forth. THIRD CAUSE OF ACTION (Wrongful Interference With Prospective Economic Advantage as to the Pension Fund Excess Taken by Hurwitz) 105. Plaintiffs hereby incorporate by reference and reallege all allegations contained in paragraphs 1 through 104, inclusive. 106. As a result of the amendment to the PACIFIC LUMBER Retirement Plan, the then existing employees and retirees had a right to the $60 million excess in said Plan assets in excess of Plan liabilities in the event of certain contingencies. Said contingencies occurred, namely, an unapproved change in control of the ownership of the old PACIFIC LUMBER occurred since under California law the consent given by the old PACIFIC Board of Directors was vitiated by the fraud of HURWITZ. HURWITZ and his fellow defendants, including MXM CORP. and the new PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY attempted to conceal the fraud. Said funds were, however, taken by HURWITZ and the HURWITZ defendants and the plaintiffs classes of employees and retirees has been wronged and suffered thereby. Plaintiffs and the classes continue to suffer thereby and seek recovery of said funds with interest. FOURTH CAUSE OF ACTION (Interference with Prospective Economic Advantage) 107. Plaintiffs hereby incorporate by reference and reallege all the allegations contained in paragraphs 1 through 106, inclusive. 108. The third party beneficiary relationship of PACIFIC'S non-shareholder constituency classes constituted an economic relationship containing the probability of future economic benefit, including many decades of employment, to said classes if not damaged. The defendants, including the HURWITZ defendants, knew of said fact. Said relationship was disrupted by defendants' negligent acts, and plaintiffs and the classes described herein suffered, continue to suffer, and will continue to suffer, actual damage proximately caused thereby as described herein. WHEREFORE, plaintiffs pray for judgment as hereinafter set forth. FIFTH CAUSE OF ACTION (Breach of Third Party Beneficiary Agreement) 109. Plaintiffs hereby incorporate by reference and reallege all allegations contained in paragraphs l through 108, inclusive. 110. The actions of the HURWITZ defendants in impeding the old PACIFIC LUMBER directors and SALOMON BROTHERS in the performance of their fiduciary duties as described, constituted an intentional interference with the third party beneficiary contractual agreement created under Article 10 of PACIFIC's Restated Articles and under the 1981 Proxy Statement of PACIFIC urging shareholder approval of said Article 10. Plaintiffs and the classes suffered damages thereby in the loss of employment years and the emotional injury suffered by the employees and other classes herein described and by the economic harm resulting from the environmental damage caused by the HURWITZ defendants to the "geographical" areas in which PACIFIC LUMBER COMPANY had its operations, and to the communities therein. WHEREFORE, plaintiff prays judgment as hereinafter set forth. SIXTH CAUSE OF ACTION (Intentional Interference with Prospective Economic Advantage) 111. Plaintiffs hereby incorporate by reference and reallege all the allegations contained in paragraphs 1 through 110, inclusive. 112. The third party beneficiary relationship of PACIFIC's non-shareholder constituency classes constituted an economic relationship containing the probability of future economic benefit to said Classes if not damaged. The defendants, including CHARLES HURWITZ, knew of said fact. Said relationship was disrupted by said defendants' intentional acts, and plaintiffs and the classes described herein suffered and continue to suffer actual damage proximately caused thereby as described herein. Defendants' acts were intentional. WHEREFORE, plaintiffs pray for judgment as follows: 1. For an order declaring this action to be a proper class action; 2. For the imposition of a constructive trust on the approximately $60 million excess in the PACIFIC LUMBER Retirement Fund, and upon such assets as are traceable therefrom, plus interest; 3. For compensatory damages, according to proof; 4. Trebling of damages for violation of the RICO statutes; 5. For punitive damages; 6. For costs and disbursements of the action including experts fees; 7. For reasonable attorneys' fees under the common fund or substantial benefit theories or pursuant to Code of Civil Procedure Section 1021.5. 8. For such other relief as may be deemed just and proper. Dated: April 28, 1997 ____________________________ WILLIAM G. BERTAIN \C:Data\WP\Statcomp1.4th\