VI. USATŐs PURCHASES OF JUNK BONDS FROM DREXEL VIOLATED AFFILIATED PARTY REGULATIONS A. APPLICABLE STATUTES AND REGULATIONS 118. At all relevant times, "any transaction [between a savings association and its affiliate without the prior written consent of the [FHLBB] involving the purchase, sale or lease of property or assets (other than participating interests in certain mortgage loans)" was prohibited if the consideration in the preceding 12 month period for all such transactions exceeded the lesser of $100,000 or 0.1 percent of the savings and loan association total assets. 12 C.F.R. ¤ 584.3(a)(7)(i) (1984-88). 119. At all relevant times, an affiliate of a savings association included any person or company that controlled such institution. 12 C.F.R. ¤ 583.15 (1984-88) 120. At all relevant times, a person was be "deemed to have control of" an insured institution or holding company "if the person directly or indirectly or acting in concert with one or more other persons . . . own[ed] [or] controll[ed] . . . more than 25 percent of the voting shares of "an insured institution or holding company. 12 C.F.R. ¤ 583.26(a), (b) (1984-88). B. DREXEL ACTED IN CONCERT WITH MCO AND FEDERATED TO OBTAIN CONTROL OF UFG 121. Drexel, acting as the agent of MCO and Federated, acquired approximately 600,000 shares of UFG stock (approximately 7.5 percent, of the outstanding common shares) in open market purchases and resold the shares to MCO or Federated during the period May 1982 through June 29, 1983. 122. By June 29, 1983, MCO and Federated owned in aggregate 24.3% of the outstanding shares of UFG common stock. On that date, they applied to the FHLBB to jointly acquire an additional 10% of the common shares of UFG in order to increase their ownership to approximately 35% of the outstanding shares of UFG. 123. After June 29, 1983, Drexel continued to acquire shares of UFG in open market transactions and to maintain the shares in an account managed by the high yield bond department at Drexel for resale to MCO and Federated. By December 1984, Drexel had acquired 585,371 additional shares of UFG in the high yield bond department account and thereafter began negotiating an option agreement with MCO and Federated for the transfer of the 585,371 shares to MCO and Federated. 124. From January 1985 through December 20, 1985 Drexel acquired approximately 200,000 additional shares of UFG in the high yield bond department account for the purpose of transferring these additional shares to MCO and Federated as part of the option agreement it was then negotiating with MCO and Federated. 125. The additional 200,000 shares purchased by Drexel raised the number of common shares of UFG owned by Drexel and held in the high yield bond department account to 790,459. That amount represented 9.7% of UFG's outstanding common shares, the approximate number of additional shares of UFG that the MCO and Federated application had advised the FHLBB that MCO and Federated proposed to acquire. 126. Drexel acquired 790,459 shares of UFG stock to assist Hurwitz, MCO, and Federated to obtain control of UFG, 300,000 of which were optioned to MCO under the Drexel Option. 127. The remaining 490,000 shares, which Drexel could not option to MCO/Federated (approximately 6.1 percent of the outstanding shares), continued to be held by Drexel in the high yield bond department account. 128. At all relevant times, Drexel was acting in concert with MCO, Federated, Hurwitz and Kozmetsky to assist them to obtain control of UFG and USAT and, along with MCO, Federated, Hurwitz, and Kozmetsky, was a controlling shareholder of UFG. C. DREXEL'S SALE OF JUNK BONDS TO USAT 129. Drexel's involvement with UFG was not limited to the purchase of shares of UFG in furtherance of Hurwitz, MCO, Federated, Gross, and Kozmetsky's assumption of control of UFG. 130. Subsequent to Drexel's assistance in Hurwitz, MCO, and Federated's acquisition of UFG, USAT purchased junk bonds from Drexel. From 1984 through 1988, USAT purchased approximately $1.8 billion of Drexel junk bonds and other Drexel-brokered securities. Indeed, USAT ultimately became the eighth largest purchaser of Drexel-underwritten junk bonds among all savings and loan associations. 131. As a consequence, (a) Drexel was an affiliated person of UFG and USAT, (b) USAT purchased high-risk junk bonds sold or underwritten by Drexel, and (c) Drexel benefited from its sales of junk bonds to USAT. D. FIFTH CLAIM FOR RELIEF: USAT'S PURCHASE OF JUNK BONDS FROM DREXEL VIOLATED THE REGULATION PROSCRIBING AFFILIATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (Respondents MAXXAM, Federated, UFG, Hurwitz, Munitz, and Huebsch) 132. OTS repeats and incorporates the allegations set forth in paragraphs 1 through 131 above. 133. Drexel, acting in concert with Hurwitz, MCO, Federated, and Kozmetsky, controlled UFG and USAT, within the meaning of 12 C.F.R. ¤ 583.26(a) and (b)(1984-88). 134. Drexel was an affiliated person of UFG and USAT, within the meaning of 12 C.F.R. ¤ 583.15 (1984-88). 135. The Respondents caused USAT to purchase junk bonds underwritten or sold by Drexel, an affiliated person of USAT, without the prior written approval of the FHLBB in violation of 12 C.F.R. ¤ 584.3(a)(7)(i) (1984-88).